ICOPE 內在能力評估

參考文獻資料

本測驗之題目設計、內在能力評估邏輯及健康優化建議,均嚴謹參考世界衛生組織(WHO)ICOPE 框架、 AWGS 2025 亞洲肌少症最新共識、衛福部國健署《國人膳食營養素攝取量》第八版, 以及《The Lancet》等國際權威醫學期刊之實證研究。以下為完整參考文獻列表:

一 、 認知功能 (Cognition)

Livingston, G., et al. ( 2020 ). " Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. " The Lancet.
Lee, W. J., et al. ( 2021 ). " Effects of incorporating multidomain interventions into integrated primary care on quality of life: a randomised controlled trial. " Lancet Healthy Longev.
Salthouse, T. A. ( 2009 ). " When does age-related cognitive decline begin? " Neurobiology of Aging.

二 、 行動能力 (Mobility)

Chen, L. K., et al. ( 2025 ). " Sarcopenia in Asia: 2025 consensus update from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. " The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific.
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., et al. ( 2019 ). " Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. " Age and Ageing.
Springer, B. A., et al. ( 2007 ). " Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. " Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.

三 、 營養與代謝 (Nutrition)

衛生福利部國民健康署 ( 2022 ). " 《國人膳食營養素攝取量》第八版 (DRIs 8th Edition)。 "
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. ( 2026 ). " Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025–2030. "
Bauer, J., et al. ( 2013 ). " Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people. " Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.

四 、 感官功能 (Sensory: Vision & Hearing)

Lin, F. R., et al. ( 2011 ). " Hearing loss and incident dementia. " Archives of Neurology.
Loughrey, D. G., et al. ( 2018 ). " Association of Age-Related Hearing Loss With Cognitive Function, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia. " JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.
WHO ( 2019 ). " World report on vision. "

五 、 心理韌性 (Psychological Wellbeing)

Vaughan, L., et al. ( 2015 ). " The association of depressive symptoms with intrinsic capacity. " The Journal of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
Santini, Z. I., et al. ( 2020 ). " Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans. " The Lancet Public Health.
Penninx, B. W., et al. ( 2021 ). " The epidemiology of depression and anxiety across the lifespan. " The Lancet.

六 、 睡眠修復 (Sleep)

Bastien, C. H., et al. ( 2001 ). " Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. " Sleep Medicine.
Chung, F., et al. ( 2008 ). " STOP-Bang Questionnaire: A Tool to Screen Patients for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. " Anesthesiology.

七 、 生活模式驅動力 (Lifestyle Drivers)

Wilmot, E. G., et al. ( 2012 ). " Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death. " Diabetologia.
Walker, M. P. ( 2017 ). " Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams. "
Ekelund, U., et al. ( 2016 ). " Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? " The Lancet.

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